After suffering through last year's global food crisis, the return of grain prices to reasonable levels is widely welcomed. But the New York Times reports today that the swift drop in grain prices is reducing the odds of countries like Senegal achieving food independence anytime soon, and could, in fact, lead to financial ruin for the Senegalese farmers who planted more rice this year in hopes of selling it at the higher price.

The Ivory Coast has come up with a new African-designed bus to combat its battered roads. Photo: Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team in the CAR (flickr)

Bad roads and battered, overcrowded buses are a common sight throughout West Africa. But a company in Ivory Coast has built the first buses it says are designed to accommodate Africa's needs. The new buses are said to be hardier and contain fewer seats in order to accommodate up to 100 people.

"This is an African design for Africa," said Sotra Industries director Mamadou Coulibaly in an interview with BBC News. Sotra’s new buses also will help consumers avoid buying expensive foreign vehicles that most Ivory Coast residents can't afford.

Sotra hopes that their new buses not only meet the needs of Ivorians, but also other West Africans. They plan to expand into the regional market by producing vehicles for Mali, Burkina Faso and Senegal.

The Green Wall for the Sahara Initiative will plant a wall of trees to stop the spread of the Sahara. Photo: Dale Gillard (flickr)

Ever heard of the Great Green Wall?

Concerns about the rapid southern spread of the Sahara desert have prompted African nations to build a wall – out of trees.

The Sahara has been moving south at a rate of almost a square kilometer a year, consuming villages and wiping out agricultural lands.

Slowing the desertification has become a huge priority — and a huge community effort.

International aid groups are helping build community gardens, institute new irrigation techniques, and teach sustainable farming. Projects are especially successful in the areas of the Sahara, like northern Burkina Faso, where new farming techniques are taking advantage of increased rainfall due to climate change.

The biggest project to date is the Green Wall for the Sahara Initiative. The $3-million, two-year initial phase will plant a belt of trees 7,000-kilometers long and 15 kilometers wide, and was formally approved at the Community of the Sahel-Saharan States in Benin last month.

The African Union says future phases will plant trees from Mauritania to Djibouti in two parallel belts, creating a strip of protected topsoil for high-yield farming. Nigeria has launched its own complimentary Desert-to-Food Program.

The AU hopes the Green Wall Initiative will arrest soil degradation, reduce poverty, conserve biodiversity, and increase land productivity in more than 25 countries. Others hope the project will create millions of jobs, promote ecotourism, alleviate the food crisis, and even introduce new fishing and livestock-breeding industries.

Who would have thought a wall of trees could have such a big impact?

This week's New York Times article Europe Takes Africa's Fish and Migrants Follow raises a perplexing problem:

A vast flotilla of industrial trawlers from the European Union, China, Russia and elsewhere, together with an abundance of local boats, have so thoroughly scoured northwest Africa’s ocean floor that major fish populations are collapsing.

That has crippled coastal economies and added to the surge of illegal migrants who brave the high seas in wooden pirogues hoping to reach Europe. While reasons for immigration are as varied as fish species, Europe’s lure has clearly intensified as northwest Africa’s fish population has dwindled.

Last year roughly 31,000 Africans tried to reach the Canary Islands, a prime transit point to Europe, in more than 900 boats. About 6,000 died or disappeared, according to one estimate cited by the United Nations.

The question then arises: who bears the brunt of responsibility for these dwindling fish populations and the subsequent affect on local fishers? The foreign boats which deplete the waters and the foreign consumers which demand them to do so? The local governments, who strapped for cash, make decisions to sell resources needed by their people to fill the government coffers and/or fund state programs?